
OTHERS' VIEWS
Happy posthumous 77th birthday to the great African leader, PAPA J. Jerry John Rawlings, a Ghanaian Air force Officer, aviator and politician who led the country for a brief period in 1979, and again from 1981 to 2001. He led a military junta until 1992, and then served two terms as the democratically elected President of Ghana. Gone but not forgotten, Rawlings’ enduring legacy remains indelible on his 77th posthumous Birthday. As an African patriot, I call us to remember our wakanda warrior, JJR.
Rawlings is remembered for his efforts to combat corruption and promote social justice during his time in power. He pursued populist policies aimed at addressing poverty and inequality. Despite his military background, he was seen as a charismatic leader who maintained popular support among many Ghanaians, especially the poor and marginalized.
He founded the National Democratic Congress (NDC), one of Ghana’s major political parties, and remained influential within the party until his death, on 12th November, 2020. His death was met with an outpouring of tributes from across Ghana and the international community, highlighting his enduring impact on the country’s history and politics.
Overall, Jerry John Rawlings was a complex and polarizing figure in Ghanaian politics, revered by some as a champion of the poor and criticized by others for his authoritarian tendencies. His legacy continues to shape Ghana’s political landscape to this day.
JJ or “Junior Jesus” as many of our compatriots particularly the Ghanaians called him, was a true leader who provided direction, guidance, solution, and reassurance at very critical times.
Having observed and reflected deeply on the impact of this African, nay, global statesman, I found myself drawing certain salient conclusions:
Leadership and followership go hand-in-hand because a good leader has a unifying effect on his or her followers. Everyone is a leader, the dictionary defines a leader as someone who guides or directs others, this is true. Leaders are people who possess certain qualities that enable them direct others to perform a task or accomplish a purpose.
When we conduct ourselves, being just and equitable citizens, a worthy leader would naturally emerge from our midst. Now, there are instances whereby we have transformational leadership but lack transformable followers. And, there are also instances whereby we have transformable followers, but we do not have transformational leaders.
Furthermore, nations do not develop because they have natural resources. They develop because they have thinkers that show great concern about the well being of the community and mobilize the people to work hard for a better tomorrow. It is NOT the farmer making the cassava that becomes rich; rather, it is the restaurateur making ten times the cost of the cassava on each plate of food!
In conclusion, as a mark of respect for our wakanda warrior ‘JJR’ on his posthumous 77th birthday, I will conclude this article by saying that development is not about raw materials. It is about value addition. Any nation that does not add value will continue to go down. There are nations, having little oil deposits of their own, that have oil companies prospecting oil beyond their shores; there are also nations that have oil, and spend over sixty years collecting royalties without necessarily developing the requisite knowledge on how to mine the oil by itself!
Finally, I feel obligated to join millions of our compatriots at home and abroad to identify with our sister who may likely become the first Ghanaian female President, Zanetor Agyeman-Rawlings, Ghanaian medical doctor, politician, activist and campaigner, who is the eldest daughter of Jerry J. Rawlings in celebrating JJR @77 posthumously.
How long have you been in this condition? Tell me. The sick man near the Pool of Bethesda spent 38 years in his own condition and had enough reasons not to expect healing and they were all facts. He was very ill and could not get up. He could not help himself and had no body to help him. And worst, he was also in the midst of other helpless and hopeless individuals – the sick, the blind, the paralyzed, the lame, etc. My God! Group, congregation of invalids! A family of desperate, terminally sick people and their depressed and exhausted relations – most waiting to die. Just imagine what that kind of gathering would look like - the groaning, the sighing, the cries, the prayers, the hopeless looks, the wounds, the bandages, the stench, the anxieties and the struggles to rush into the water first for the healing. The angel of the LORD only visited once in a while and only the first sick that had people to help them into the pool would receive healing. And after that the long wait continues until the angel visits again. And because of these facts and the long years in this condition, the man had totally lost hope of ever getting well again. Have you lost hope? He was virtually waiting to die. True. And he promptly presented these facts to Jesus. But what happen? Jesus ignored them and healed him! Yes, the medical facts of your condition are there - the proof, the tests, the opinions of the experts. Yes, they are incontrovertible. But the Master is bypassing, overruling then today!
God overrules facts and conditions. He overrules worst situations and best opinions. And that is why he is Sovereign. Now listen to him today, “I am God of all flesh. Is there anything too hard for me to do?” No! He is the creator of the heavens and earth. He is the maker and controller of life and death. Nobody, nothing dies or lives without his knowledge and approval. We are told that not even a bird out of the billions can drop from the skies without his knowledge. He is the beginning and the end. He is the maker of all the things you see and all those that you cannot see. Everything, every power, every condition, every situation, every spirit and flesh bows to him. He is the Almighty, the Alpha and the Omega – nothing exits or happened without him. He is the great healer and with him nothing is impossible. He is the great physician. Even the best of the doctors always agree that they treat, but it is only God that heals. Praise God! So why do you still think that nothing can be done about your condition? Why do you think you will not be healed now as you read this message? Tell me. The same Jesus that healed the 38 year old sickness will meet you today!
Even if your condition is worse than that man’s, it cannot match with the case of Lazarus that had already been buried for four days and was expected to have started decaying. After death sometimes, miracles can still happen. But once somebody is buried, then, it is finished. But Jesus defied this natural and eternal order by calling up Lazarus from the grave! As you read this, every power of grave around you will be broken in the mighty name of Jesus! I like the encounter Lazarus’ sister Martha and Jesus had at his graveside. Listen, “Roll the stone aside,’ Jesus told them. But Martha, the dead man’s sister, said, ‘Lord, by now the smell will be terrible because he has been dead for four days.’ Jesus responded, ‘Didn’t I tell you that you will see God’s glory if you believe.” John 11.39. Is your situation already buried and smelling? Roll away that unbelieving stone and receive your miracle today. Yes, it was a fact that he has been buried for days and all hope lost, the body expected to be decaying already, etc. But Jesus still ordered the stone to be rolled away because Lazarus must come forth. Every stone holding back your healing and miracle must be rolled away today in the name of Jesus! He made the man, the grave, the life and death, the stones, so he can afford to manipulate and manoeuvre them at will. God does not care how long, how smelly, how stinking or how impossible your situation looks. The most important thing now is that he wants to make you a testimony so that his name will be glorified. In fact, the messier the condition, the more glorious the testimony will become. He has waited till now so that your story and testimony will be complete to his glory. Your story is becoming your testimony!
In every government or institution, there is a corresponding invisible hand that remote-controls its affairs with immense influence over decision-making process, predominantly on matters of interest. In most cases, while the head, and perhaps, the kitchen cabinet, may be aware of this imperceptible parallel, it is mostly unknown to other members of the team, who ignorantly, believe that the administration’s decisions are without external interference.
The Economic and Financial Crime Commission (EFCC) is a victim of this invisible hand. The head of the Commission, and possibly, his inner caucus, are not oblivious of its presence and interference, but may be unknown to other members of staff. By conferring the power to appoint the Chairman of the Commission on the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, law makers, have unwittingly, created an invisible hand for the EFCC. The invisible hand is the President, and by extension, the Presidency.
Section 2 (3) of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (Establishment) Act, 2004, clearly states that “the Chairman and members of the Commission, other than ex-officio members, shall be appointed by the President”, and the appointment shall be subject to confirmation by the Senate.
By this Act, the EFCC was delivered as a bondservant from inception, lacking autonomy and courage to function effectively outside the grip and body language rhythm of its master, the President. And since the head of the Commission occupies the driver’s seat, obeying all traffic regulations as beamed by the President, liberty is replaced with dependency.
Under this circumstance, what courage can the Commission’s Chairman muster to prosecute the President’s loyalists without upsetting his ego and sensibilities? This is the burden of the EFCC. Until the power to appoint the Chairman of the Commission is removed from the President, the head of EFCC will continue to operate under dominance and influence of the President, doing his bid and covertly yielding to his whims and caprices, without ethical courage to act otherwise.
No matter how committed and sincerely intentional the Chairman of EFCC may be, his drive for efficiency is weakened by presidential interference. Even if angels are imported from heaven, or heads of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence (TFI), and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) of the United States of America (USA) are redeployed to manage the EFCC, their competence would be undermined by effect of the President.
This finds expression in the crux of allusions to EFCC’s selective war against financial crime and money laundry in the country. The public must recognize that the President is first, and foremost, a politician, who came to power on the ticket of his political party. He has his loyalists and those who supported the process of his ascension to power. Besides political affiliates, some of these stalwarts permeate both the critical public and private sectors.
As a politician who sets his eyes on consolidation and re-election, the President may want to stand with his loyalists during moment of travails, as part of reciprocation gesture for sustained support. By this action, he stifles the power of the Commission to effectively go after real and powerful perpetrators of financial crime and money laundry in the country, making the Commission’s Chairman helpless without courage to step on toes for fear of being removed from office. The President also has the power to suspend or remove the Chairman of the Commission.
Evidently, circumstances that had led to sack of all past chairmen of EFCC could be linked to invisible hand of the President. To avoid this route, EFCC handles high profile cases deemed to have ties with the President with caution, classifying them as persons with blue blood in their veins. This is the trouble with EFCC, and why it is unable to effectively wage war against financial crimes and money laundry.
Most ex-governors, ministers and other political and business big wigs that have been prosecuted and convicted till date are those with either weak link or fallen out of favour with the President. An example were former governors of Delta State, James Ibori, and Bayelsa state, Diepreye Alamieyeseigha (now late), whose demand for resource control irked the then President, General Olusegun Obasanjo. The former President believed that the ex-governors were source of funding for the defunct Niger Delta agitation group, the Movement for Emancipation of Niger Delta (MEND), and consequently activated the invisible hand which compelled the EFCC to cut the former governors to size.
EFCC now tread with caution without discretionary initiative, constraining itself mainly to petitions received from the public, as against initiating and executing investigations on suspected individuals, and organisations, particularly those that are prone to financial crimes and money laundry. The ministries, agencies, departments of government (MDAs), legislature, judiciary and the organized private sector, are black spots.
The Nigerian environment is fraught with financial crime and money laundry, particularly the political space, yet, EFCC pretends not to know. Politics is a big industry and quick source of unearned income where people become multi-millionaires or billionaires overnight just by participation in politics or serving in the Executive, Legislature or the Judiciary. For example, National Assembly members who carryout oversight functions in various MDAs and private sector, also double as contractors to these same organisations, despite conflict of interest. The Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) is replete with such unethical practices, yet, EFCC feigns ignorance.
Why is EFCC not interrogating legislators on padding of budgets? Why is EFCC not putting spotlight on MDAs’ budgets, matching line items against executed projects? Why is EFCC not looking at state governors and how they abuse Federal Account Allocation Committee (FAAC) remittances, including security votes and derivation funds?
Despite admitting that Nigerian banks perpetrate about 70 per cent of financial crimes in the country, why is EFCC not quizzing banks’ chief executive officers (CEOs) over questionable funds’ inflow, foreign exchange manipulation, and round tripping? According to the Financial Institutions Training Centre (FITC), financial institutions in Nigeria collectively lost about N159 billion to fraud since 2020, yet, EFCC has not deemed it necessary to initiate any probe. Why are key operators and players in the Nigerian capital market not being investigated over unlawful manipulation of stock prices?
Besides, since crude oil exports constitute about two-third earnings, and over 90% of foreign exchange revenue of government, why is EFCC not extending its investigation into crude oil exports to determine possible mismatch between actual production and revenue receipts? Also, why are suspected financiers of terrorism and kidnapping not being investigated and prosecuted for money laundry?
Sadly, since the formation of EFCC, corruption, including financial crimes and money laundry, have been on the upward swing. This is contrary to the intention of the originators, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) on Money Laundering, an intergovernmental organization created by the Group of Seven (G7).
The purpose of the FATF was to use the EFCC to reinforce global war against money laundering, particularly at a time Nigeria was listed among 23 countries that were not supportive of the war against money laundering. Response to this challenge led to establishment of the Commission through the EFCC Act, which further expanded the scope to include terrorism financing and, economic and financial crimes in Nigeria.
With flourishing corruption menace, and by extension, financial crimes in the public and private sectors, the environment is fertile enough to keep EFCC fully engaged. But, so far, its efforts are not commensurate with current depth and density of financial fraud in the country. Except those that are endorsed by the invisible hand for thorough investigation, high profile cases with real negative impact on the economy are either deliberately overlooked or mismanaged.
Prosecuting yahoo internet fraudsters with no powerful links to authorities together with persons involved in spraying of naira notes are inadequate to justify EFCC’s existence. In the absence of any underpinning motive to use them as defence mechanism to showcase the Commission’s efforts at fighting financial crimes, these categories of offenders should be left for the Nigeria Police Force to handle.
To rid the country of illicit wealth and growing corruption, Nigeria must review the process leading to the appointment and removal of the Chairman of EFCC in order to insulate the office from the influence and covert control of the President. This is imperative given the country’s low political culture.
Dr. Mike Owhoko, Lagos-based public policy analyst, author, and journalist, can be reached at www.mikeowhoko.com, and followed on X {formerly Twitter} @michaelowhoko.
Recently, there has been a lot of talk of international corporations leaving Nigeria, presumably because of the alleged difficult business environment caused by President Bola Ahmed Tinubu's policies since he took office on May 29, 2023. Some Nigerians, particularly those from opposing parties, have been making a big deal out of it on conventional and social media, as if an apocalypse had occurred in Nigeria.
Consider the situation of Guinness Nigeria, where a significant portion of Diageo, a European investor, was sold to the Tolaram Group, a Singapore-based company.Has anyone asked if our country has suffered any losses as a result of Diageo shares changing hands in Guinness Nigeria between two (2) investors?Isn't that what happens every day on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) when stocks are traded?
The only difference in my opinion is the size of the shares swapped between the prior and subsequent owners, which is 58.2% and that is huge. In truth, this may have been a merger and acquisition, as is customary in the financial services industry. So what's all the fuss about?
According to historical documents , Diageo's formation began in 1997, when Guinness amalgamated with food and beverage distributor Grand Metropolitan PLC. The $15.8 billion transaction went successfully, and the two firms combined under the name Diageo.
Data from Finance.yahoo.com reveals DIAGEO's ownership.
The leading institutional holders of the stock are:
(1)Bank of America Corporation , $5.1M for 664,620,064 shares.
(2)FMR, LLC $4.84M for631,245,335 shares.
(3)Morgan Stanley, $2.6M for 339,179,731 shares
(4)Clear Bridge Investments, LLC, $2.35m
Thus, what transpired with the share sales and purchases between Diageo and the Tolaram group is simply business as usual, and nothing suspicious in my opinion. Please take note that all of Diageo's institutional investors are investment banks and entreprises based in Europe and north America.
Interestingly, other multinational corporations that have made waves moving out of Nigeria during the last ten years—and not just in the one year under President Bola Tinubu's leadership—are mainly American and European companies, ranging from Proctor & Gamble in Ibadan to GSK in Lagos.
That is to say, a pattern has been gradually developing over time without the system noticing. And guess what foreign companies have been stepping in to fill the void left by American and European companies? Asian companies. These include both Chinese and Indian corporations. Even Singaporean and Lebanese firms have presence in the list.
An Asian company that specialises in sanitary products for adults and children, similar to Proctor & Gamble, is currently in the process of opening a factory to cover the void left by P&G's withdrawal. Just before Tolaram Group acquired Diageo's stake in Guinness Nigeria, a group of Nigerian investors, Renaissance Group had purchased SHELL's onshore holdings when the British and Dutch-owned oil giant made the decision to shift its activities to the offshore market and stay there solely.
The choice to limit operations to the offshore sector is thought to have been made in order to avoid the problems that arise from subpar work or a failure to uphold corporate social responsibility, which can lead to environmental damage from careless exploration and subsequent exploitation of the oil resources in the Niger Delta, which in turn can cause unrest that exacerbates the ongoing instability in the area.
The building sector has experienced similar events to those that have recently transpired in the oil and gas and manufacturing sectors.Since Europe was the continent that first colonised Africa, the majority of the continent's businesses and infrastructure are either owned or run by partners in Europe or America. That is because of the transition from colonialism to neo-colonialism by the Europeans that ruled Africa.
The colonialists used their contractors to construct roads, bridges, railways, airports, seaports, and notable architectural projects throughout Africa. Most of that occurred in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, and it's possible that it continued until 2000. But the entry of Asian companies into the market has made them less competitive.
While those opposed to the economic reforms claiming that our country is down and has no hope of being resuscitated, using the analogy of whether a glass is half empty or half full, as a patroit my optics is that the glass is half full for very good reasons.
In my opinion—I lack scientific support for this—it seems as though Asian companies have been displacing Western companies over the last 20 years or so.
The building companies from France, Italy, and Germany that once controlled the Nigerian construction market are nowhere to be found.Currently in decline, Chinese and other Asian companies are displacing them.Who are the Chinese building all the major airports in Nigeria? Which Chinese companies are revitalising our rail networks?
Who in Lekki, Lagos, constructed a brand-new deep-water port in a comparatively short amount of time? the Chinese people. Examine the skylines of Lagos and other major Nigerian cities to determine whose construction companies are constructing the tall buildings: Chinese, Singaporean, and Lebanese companies, not European or American companies as was previously the case.
Indians are firmly establishing themselves in the information technology and pharmaceutical industries, much like the Chinese are dominating the construction of railroads, airports, and seaports throughout Africa, including Nigeria.
In my opinion, if a research is done to determine whether there has actually been a loss since the departure of companies like GSK and P&G, among others, I doubt that it will not show that the Asian companies that took their place have increased employment and increased the GDP of our nation.
I am issuing a challenge to everyone who disagrees with President Tinubu's current reforms, citing their reasons for the departure of companies like GSK and P&G as well as Diageo's sale of 58.2% of its shares to the Tolaram group, to carry out or commission a study to support their claims.
It should be the mission of PriceWaterHouseCoopers, Ernst and Yong, and other multinational research firms—including the native Nairamatrics—that take pleasure in being purveyors of business statistics to disprove or validate the assertion.
Based only on trend analysis, my educated guess is that after around 64 years of Nigeria's political independence from Britain, the continent is only now experiencing true economic independence.
Even though Nigeria gained its independence in 1960 and the British removed the Union Jack, neo-colonialism—the next stage of colonialism—persisted, with European and British corporations controlling the private sector and even holding a vice grip on governments.
The Ogoni land oil exploration catastrophe, which resulted in the execution of environmental rights campaigner Ken Saro-Wiwa and the iconic Ogoni 9 tragedy, was one such instance involving SHELL Nigeria. It is no secret that multinationals like as GSk and P&G run their activities out of their headquarters in New York and London.
Why couldn't the companies, which have been repatriating profits to their home countries over the years, be given some funds to get them through the rough patch caused by the ongoing reforms in Nigeria that have made it slightly more difficult to repatriate funds, if they were facing difficulties due to their high cost structure or restricted access to foreign exchange to procure raw materials?
In actuality, the companies that departed Nigeria have been dependent on Nigeria to finance their operations. But because of the country's current shaky financial services sector as a result of ongoing reforms, they have taken flight.
This is demonstrated by the elimination of the petrol subsidy, which has caused production costs to soar; the effort to harmonise the dual foreign exchange rates, which up until now had encouraged arbitrage; and, last but not least, the exorbitant increase in the electricity tariff for the so-called Band A consumers, which is, in a sense, the straw that broke the camel's back.
Due to all of the aforementioned circumstances, those businesses were forced to dissolve when they realised that things in Nigeria were no longer as they had been. Maybe when they modify their business models, they will be back shortly.
However, from the way those opposed to the ongoing reforms present the conglomerates' exit, it appears as though the companies were charity organisations founded by USAID or Oxfam to protect Nigerians from starvation, similar to how Sir Bob Geldorf founded Band-Aid in the 1980s to help raise money to aid starving people in the Horn of Africa.
Not to be overlooked, the goals of GSK and P&G are to generate revenue for their stockholders. Why should we lament their departure if their business models are no longer effective for them in Nigeria as they once were and they have made the decision to leave?
Bearing in mind the hostility of international oil companies denying access to crude oil for refining in Dangote refinery as recently alledged by Alh. Aliko Dangote, and the rough time that Mr Allen Onyema’s Airpeace had in flying Nigerians at reduced fare to London, a lucrative route hitherto monopolized by British airlines, European businesses in Nigeria appear to be lossing their competive edge and figting dirty.
It is important to remember that the main telecom companies from Europe and America showed no interest in Nigeria when the country was unbundling its telecom industry a little more than 20 years ago. However, the licences were obtained by Econet, a Zimbabwean network, and MTN, a South African network. Together with Globacom, a network that is exclusively owned by a Nigerian, these three networks have been controlling the market for more than 200 million users.
Following the successful privatisation, American and European businesses have been vying for a share of the pie.A similar situation occurred in the energy sector, when no significant European businesses expressed interest at the time it was unbundled . But because of the industry changes brought about by the 2023 Electricity Act, companies like Siemens of Germany, who previously shied away from making large investments in Nigeria's power sector, are now keeping a close eye on our nation.
GSK, P&G, and other companies should definitely make a comeback to Nigeria sooner rather than later, since the country's population of over 200 million makes it impossible to overlook. I can bet that if GSK and P&G had put up their firms for sale as Shell and Diageo did, local Nigerian entrepreneurs could have acquired them.
It is in the spirit of global south-south co-operation that investments are now flowing more easily between them. With President Tinubu’s recent stringent efforts at wooing investors from the Middle East when he toured Saudi Arabia,United Arab Emirates, UAE and Qatar, Arab investors may also sooner than later set their sights on Nigeria.
I've heard comments in the media claiming that Asian and Chinese companies that are taking the place of departing European and American companies don't adhere to good corporate governance norms.
When SHELL Nigeria perpetrated the crimes on Ogoni territory that the international court in The Hague eventually managed to force it to clean up and is still pursuing, was it not obligated by the highly regarded corporate governance rules in its home countries of England and the Netherlands?
The reality is that Singaporeans, Chinese, or Indians no longer lack strong standards for corporate governance. They are active in the American and European markets as a result of their engagements in those markets, so they are conversant with the standards and their economies are flourishing.
Since no Asian companies have been found guilty when it comes to environmental abuse, such as the Royal Dutch Shell in Nigeria has been adjudged guilty of environmental degredation of the Niger delta , there is no proof of that claim that they are too slack in that respect.
Based on my experience, corporate governance regulations are typically raised during the administration of contracts and hiring processes in European and American backed multinationals .
In any case, the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) is doing a fairly good job of regulating publicly quoted firms, and Nigerian extractive industries regulatory agencies in the oil and gas sector are expected to keep a close eye on industries in that sector to ensure that there is not a corporate governance void left by exiting firms with origin from Western countries.
To sum up, I think the current reforms are good and have the potential to create a new Nigeria.I am fully aware of the extreme problems we are all facing as a result of the shockingly high cost of living brought on by the policy to remove subsidies.
We are all on the same boat, navigating the waves of the high cost of living. To get the ship to the land, all hands must be on deck, thus we should all make efforts even it is tiny to support one another in order to survive without depending solely on government. Let's engage in recreational farming in the yards around our homes during our free time. We may produce basic crops like tomatoes and vegetables, which are currently expensive, before insecurity concerns that forced our farmers to abandon their operations and the cause of the food scarcity is resolved.
While one supports the government's call for Nigerian farmers to return to their fields, it is imperative that it first provide sufficient protection to stop the evil ambassadors from abducting more of our hardworking farmers.
Prioritising the use of advanced technology in the fight against insecurity is vital, as is increasing the involvement of sociologists and psychologists in a non-kinetic manner to counteract the criminality that seems to be taking over our nation.
There has been an enormous dependence on military actions to counter the threat up to an elephant size , while the soft approach has been treated with an ant size effort.
Barack Obama, a former US president, once cautioned, "Just because we have a big hammer doesn't mean we have to keep hitting all the nails."
In order to fully reap the rewards of President Tinubu's socioeconomic and political changes, let us take a different approach to combating religious insurgency and banditry so that our country can flourish as the reform policies being introduced by President Tinubu begin to mature.
Magnus Onyibe, an entrepreneur, public policy analyst, author, democracy advocate, development strategist, an alumnus of Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, Massachusetts, USA and a former commissioner in Delta state government, sent this piece from Lagos, Nigeria.
To continue with this conversation and more, please visit www.magnum
Jonathan Tepperman’s book, The Fix, is about how some nations fixed significant social challenges like inequality, corruption, and civil wars using innovative leadership and policies. No one has yet written a book about how nations fix profligacy. Therefore, it is justifiable that Nigerian leaders have not bothered to read a book that does not exist. When such a book is eventually written, Nigeria’s chronicle of shameless profligacy will qualify as a unique case study.
It is perceived as a culture our elite have come to embrace or tolerate as an acceptable national social habit. Profligacy, defined as reckless or wasteful extravagance, is a concern in various aspects of Nigerian society. It touches different levels, from personal lifestyle choices to government spending and business practices. This culture of profligacy, if left unchecked, will continue to drain our resources, hinder our development, and perpetuate a cycle of corruption and mismanagement.
Social habits are ingrained behavioural patterns that shape societies and influence how things are done. It might have a good or bad impact. Andrew Sykes, co-author of The 11th Habit, believes that the collective culture of a people shapes their habits, and habits cyclically reinforce culture. The habits of a nation reflect its values. This habit of profligacy among Nigeria’s ruling cadre is interconnected with the culture of corruption, lack of accountability in public life, short-term thinking, and lack of personal stake in the Nigerian project.
Most importantly, it is proof of a total disconnect from reality. Since the Nigerian civil war, a deeply ingrained culture of wasteful expenditure and consumption-driven governance has plagued successive Nigerian governments. However, this is not a fate we are bound to. With the right cultural shifts and systemic reforms, we can break free from this cycle and build a more responsible and prosperous Nigeria.
There is substantial empirical evidence linking this culture of wastefulness to our oil economy, which provides the government with oil revenues at all levels without accountability. Oil receipts have increased spending, often on non-essential projects that do not benefit the citizens. With an abundance of oil money and less emphasis on accountability and transparency, an environment of profligacy became prevalent and is now a national social habit. This profligacy, in turn, fuels corruption and mismanagement, creating a vicious cycle that hampers our progress and development. It is crucial that we recognise and address this interconnectedness to pave the way for a more responsible and accountable Nigeria.
There is no responsible public affairs management culture, which feeds the decadent habit of wastefulness that our elite has adopted. Our weak institutions encourage mismanagement since they cannot enforce laws and regulations. A political patronage and nepotism culture has made us prone to wrong priorities, and we need the ability to plan strategically. Oversight by the legislature is highly over-compromised.
The Nigerian government is often criticised for high spending on non-essential items, such as luxury cars for officials, unreasonable cost of renovation of offices and accommodation, large delegation to foreign trips and frequent travel expenses. This is particularly controversial given the country’s significant economic challenges and infrastructural gaps. Corruption is a considerable issue, with funds frequently misappropriated or embezzled.
Examples litter our landscape to prove that there is nothing untoward in the culture of profligacy. For brevity and conciseness, I will give four examples. First, NNPC, the national oil company, spent $25 billion (over N12 trillion) over 20 years on turnaround maintenance of Nigeria’s four refineries, yet none can refine a drop of oil. The average cost of building a 350,000-bpd refinery is about $ 3.5-5 billion.
This may not convince you about a national habit that has calcified. Between 2010 and 2020, crude oil theft led to the disappearance of 619.7 million barrels of oil worth N16.25 trillion, according to NEITI, an extractive industry transparency watchdog. None of these two high-profile cases resulted in arrest, prosecution, or national protest. It is normal and an acceptable national habit for the elite and average citizen. You will be tempted to think that this habit of national profligacy is restricted to the oil and gas industry. You are dead wrong!
Second, how can we quickly forget what qualified for a national embarrassment in 2023 when government registered 1,411 persons—a mixture of court jesters, government officials, professionals, a sprinkle of environmental activists, academia, and political jobbers for COP 28 in Dubai? Nigeria had the third highest delegation to COP 28, even though we contribute less than 0.0001% to climate change and its minimal impact on us.
Third, most recently, Nigeria’s delegation, according to a digital news platform, was the largest among 187 countries to the International Labour Organisation’s, ILO, 112th conference in Geneva, Switzerland. This is happening at a time when the economy of the country is in some form of life support.
The final example that raised curiosity was the news that government reportedly spent N90 billion to subsidise the cost of the 2024 Hajj pilgrimage for citizens. The arithmetic of a huge subsidy for what ought to be a private religious obligation in a period of economic distress required advanced economic numeracy to solve. The list of our profligate habits as a nation is unending.
Profligacy is not only akin to the political class and government. We see a preponderance of activities that scream profligacy at personal and social life levels. Nigerians are known for hosting grand and often extravagant celebrations, including weddings, birthdays, and funerals. These events can involve large guest lists, expensive venues, elaborate decorations, and abundant food and drink.
In the business sector, some Nigerian corporations, especially those in the oil and gas sector, tend to pursue luxurious corporate lifestyles, including high-end office spaces, private jets, and lavish entertainment expenses. There are over-invoicing and kickbacks, where inflated contracts and procurement costs are used to siphon funds for personal gain.
Our entertainment industry is the window for showcasing opulence and luxury. Our Nollywood and Afrobeat often feature extravagant displays of wealth. Music videos and films frequently showcase luxury cars, opulent houses, and designer outfits. Our celebrities, including musicians, actors, and influencers, often lead lavish lifestyles, displaying their wealth and success through expensive purchases and luxurious vacations. This creates a culture of aspirational spending among fans and the public.
Understanding and addressing profligacy in Nigeria requires a multifaceted approach that includes cultural shifts and systemic reforms. Leaders have to led by example. We need to implement stricter regulations and oversight on government spending, enhancing transparency and accountability, and reducing waste in public sector expenditures; promote cultural values that prioritise modesty and prudent financial management over ostentatious displays of wealth; increase financial literacy among the public to encourage responsible spending and saving practices; and enhance corporate governance standards to reduce wasteful spending and corruption in the business sector.
Early signs are that those in power today have not only adopted the worst practices of the past but have also positively embraced them. If we continue along the same path, we will be stuck in an endless economic crisis and stagnation. Nigeria and Nigerians deserve better leadership in combating profligacy! We must escape this vicious cycle that has brought us to the quagmire we are in now.
There is a palpable anxiety in the banking industry over delays by the Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) to approve issuance of new securities by the banks. In the last three months, over 15 banks have filed applications with SEC to issue new shares by way of right issues and public offers in order to meet the new capital base announced by the CBN in March, but the capital market regulator has only managed to approve Fidelity Bank’s N127.1 billion capital raise. Fidelity is hoping to raise N97.5 billion in fresh funds from public offer and N29.6 billion from rights issue. SEC’s delay in approving new issues is creating apprehensions in the banking industry, with many speculating that the two-year deadline set by the CBN may not be met, after all. There are two major reasons for the delay. First, SEC has been flooded with loads of applications from the banks and other companies wishing to raise money; and second, the former management of the commission was a bit tardy in handling the approval processes and other responsibilities, thus leaving behind a huge backlog of applications that need to be cleared. It was only in April that President Tinubu swept off the top management of the commission and replaced it with a new team which is grappling with the challenge of long overdue proposals. Said a retired SEC director, Mr. Okokon Akpan, ‘’The President did well in changing the former leadership. We now have a team of young and capable professionals, who have been in the system and know the workings of the commission. I am sure the backlog would be cleared soon. The previous people had a very poor attitude to the job’’.
Over N4 trillion would have to be raised by the nation’s 35 commercial, merchant and non-interest banks not later than March 2026 to meet new benchmarks set by the CBN. The broad objective is to create a strong and resilient banking system that would help propel the Nigerian economy to a trillion-dollar GDP by 2031. It is not clear to what extent these delays from SEC may affect the March 2026 target and if the CBN will shift the bar in event of massive defaults. Already, tier one lenders like First Bank Holdings; UBA; GTCo; Zenith Bank and Access Holdings have already filed applications at SEC for approvals of their issues. Many others are in the pipeline. In addition to requests from the banks, SEC has also been swamped with transactions from other companies that require regulatory approval. Nigerian Breweries, the nation’s largest brewer, is planning to raise N600 billion from the capital market. The sale of Diageo’s 52.02% stake in Guinness Nigeria Plc to the Tolaram Group is also awaiting the attention of the regulatory authority. Tolaram will acquire Diageo’s shares at N81.6 per share, with total transaction amounting to N103.7 billion. There’s also the acquisition of a majority stake in the Uyo-based Champion Breweries Plc by little known EnjoyCorp Limited. A few other foreign firms divesting from the country are also seeking SEC’s approval for sale of their shareholdings. ‘’With all these transactions coming to the capital market, SEC would have to double up efforts to clear the backlogs of applications on time. We are also hoping that the CBN is aware of these unexpected delays’’, a chief executive of a bank told me.
To obtain SEC’s approvals for any issue, an issuer must file several documents at the Office of the Director General at SEC’s corporate headquarters in Abuja. Specific requirements vary from time to time, but the common ones include memorandum and articles of association; evidence of tax payments; advertising materials; purpose of offer and expected utilisation of funds to be raised; proposed allotment of shares and prospectus of the offer which contains particulars of all the parties to the offer. Documents forwarded are reviewed, and where there are observed deficiencies, the applicants are duly informed. Where such lapses are communicated, the timeline for approval resets. But in the absence of any deficiency, approval will be communicated. The commission may however require other documents or information, where necessary. An issuer pays exorbitant fees to SEC to secure these approvals. Each stage of application filed at SEC costs N100,000. A big issuer, for instance, may spend as high as N100 million to raise N300 billion. Such costs are expended on a wide array of items like legal fees and other professional payments; filing fees; media and publicity; printing; extra-ordinary AGMs, etc.
In March, CBN Governor, Yemi Cardoso announced an upward review of the minimum share capital for banks, according to authorisation for their operations. International banks will have N500 billion minimum share capital; national banks, N200 billion and N50 billion for regional and merchant banks. It is likely that Cardoso did not envisage that his well-thought-out recapitalisation plans would be disrupted by the action of another regulator in the financial industry. The two institutions must therefore work together to achieve the national goal.
[OPINION] Enugu Rangers veterans: Preserving memory and honouring a legacy - Chidi Anselm Odinkalu
AdminUmuawulu, a sleepy settlement in Awka, the capital of Anambra State in the south-east, is the unlikely origin of one of the greatest sporting resumes ever to come out of Nigeria. In the bowels of this village lies Holy Cross High School, the site from which this story sprouted.
Until the politicians contrived to destroy education generally, Nigeria’s high schools used to guarantee an interminable production line of rarefied sporting talent. This role pre-dated Independence. Historian, Peter Alegi, recalls that in territories – such as Nigeria – ruled by the British, missionaries and colonialists formed steeped in Victorian traditions, anchored their mutually complementary missions on “a belief that sport forged physically fit young men of sound moral character.” In the pantheon of sporting activities inspired by this belief, football was the undisputed king.
In 1963, a young man arrived at Holy Cross Umuawulu to begin his secondary education. Emmanuel Okala was 12 when his goalkeeping career began in Umuawulu. Born in May 1951, his contemporaries from then remember him as a rather spindly figure whose height took him to the lower reaches of the heavens. Even as a new arrival at the beginning of his high school journey at the time, those who beheld him acknowledged that they were in the presence of a generational phenomenon.
In 1970, Emma joined a football club created around the talents of a few young men most of whom had been demobilized from the war. Its name was Rangers International Football Club of Enugu. At the time, the leading continental footballing superstar was Robert Mensah, the legendary goalkeeper of Ghana’s Black Stars and also of Ashanti Kotoko Football Club. After Mensah was killed in a stabbing incident on 2 November, 1971, the continent cried out for a new goalkeeping supremo.
From his humble beginnings in Umuawulu, Emmanuel Okala rose rather effortlessly to become the country’s undisputed goalkeeper over the next decade, ultimately growing to fill the void created by the untimely passing of Robert Mensah. Emma’s influence grew to outstrip the role of the solitary minder at the rear of the outfield players. In 1978 the African Sports Journalists Union (ASJU) voted him as the African Footballer of the Year, the first person and the first Nigerian to win that distinction. By then, he was better known as the “Man Mountain” a moniker invented by leading football commentator, Ernest Okonkwo.
Two years later, in 1980, Okala was a goalkeeper of the national football team, then known as the Green Eagles, which won the African Cup of Nations (AfCON). The captain of that team was Christian Chukwu, who, like Emmanuel Okala, also began his footballing career as an “Academical” at the National Secondary School, Nike, on the outskirts of Enugu. Like Emmanuel Okala, Christian Chukwu was also born in 1951. From Nike National, he also joined the Enugu Rangers. As a footballer, it was said that his “outstanding will to lead and motivate others earned him the nickname ‘Chairman’, as his colleagues saw him as an anchor of hope.”
That story of hope was not confined to the soccer pitch. The Rangers Football Club for whom both Christian Chukwu and Emmanuel Okala were leading super-stars, embodied the hopes of the people of south-east Nigeria as they emerged from the ruins of an utterly destructive civil war at the beginning of 1970 bereft of both capital and dignity.
The core of that team also included Johnny Egbuonu described by a leading sports publication as “a classic dribbler” who could “do anything with the ball.” Popularly known as “School Boy”, Johnny’s career also began in high school. He was destined for a great career in the colours of his country but left early for Germany to pursue qualifications in veterinary medicine.
That Rangers team would become the mascot of the race and region as they embarked on the reconstruction of the Igbo identity well after the war. That team also evolved to become the backbone of Nigeria’s national football team that went on in 1980 to conquer footballing heights in Africa.
Of the members of that original Rangers International team of 1970-1975, fewer than 13 are now alive. In addition to Christian Chukwu, Emmanuel Okala and Johnny Egbuonu, the others still around include Dominic Nwobodo, Francis Nwosu, Kenneth Abana, Patrick Ilouno, John Uwanaka, Godwin Adimachukwu, Johnny Azinge, and Sylvester Onwuekwe. At the time of this writing, the remains of two leading members of that side – Stanley Okoronkwo and Harrison Mecha – lie in the mortuary, awaiting the final earthly rites for their mortal remains.
At the peak of their powers, these men could have played for nearly any team in the world. At the time, however, the sport was poorly organised in Nigeria; management was non-existent; football administration was poor; attention to the wellbeing of the athletes was haphazard at best; and sports science was only just beginning to receive attention globally. Neither fully professional nor indeed amateur, their careers were spent in a vocational no-man’s-land. Their wealth in public adulation did not easily or at all translate into material comfort.
At that time also, football administration was mostly run as part of the public sector. At the end of their sporting careers, some of them went into sports administration and management but, even then, their careers also suffered from the debilities of a disorganised public sector. As senior citizens today, the public sector has forgotten them and the legacies of that generation of great sporting attainments are at risk of being lost.
At the personal level, Segun Odegbami, himself a leading member of that 1980 AfCON winning team, notes that these men – now senior citizens all – are today “slowed down now by arthritis – the ailment of retired footballers.” Some of them suffer a combination of even more serious ailments too and now spend considerable sums on medical bills.
To address this neglect and also preserve the sporting and civic legacies of the original Enugu Rangers International, it has become necessary to establish the Enugu Rangers Veterans Trust. This is currently led by the trio of Christian Chukwu, Emmanuel Okala and Johnny Egbuonu as incorporated trustees with the mandate to provide a convening framework for mobilising and governing the resources required to address pressing well-being needs of the living members of the Rangers originals and to preserve and document their legacies for the digital age.
Last week in Enugu, I joined Christian Chukwu, Emmanuel Okala and Johnny Egbuonu, together with leading chartered accountant and former chair of the Enugu Sports Club, Bennet Etiaba, in putting the final touches to preparations for the launch of this undertaking. Media partners also support this Rangers Veterans and Legacy project. Over the next month, there will be a formal rollout of this project.
Although self-evident, the point of all of this nevertheless bears restating. There was a time in which sports generally and football in particular provided a glue for coexistence in Nigeria and many parts of Africa. The lessons from that age deserve attention in a time such as the present when advocates of coexistence are endangered and the people who made that age possible deserve acknowledgement as well as appreciation. In calling attention to their lives and distilling their stories, it is possible to hold out lessons that can make a significant difference to the fate of succeeding generations.
A lawyer and a teacher, Odinkalu can be reached at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
[OPINION] Much Ado About the Recommended Purchase of Two New Presidential Aircrafts - Kenechukwu Aguolu
AdminMuch Ado About the Recommended Purchase of Two New Presidential Aircrafts
The recent recommendation by the House of Representatives Committee on National Security and Intelligence for the Federal Government to purchase two new presidential aircrafts for the President and Vice President of Nigeria has sparked widespread debate. Critics argue that the acquisition is insensitive given the country's current economic challenges; hence suggest that existing aircrafts should be overhauled. On the other hand, proponents maintain that the purchase is a necessity rather than a luxury, crucial for the effective functioning of the highest offices in the land.
Recent travel issues faced by the President and Vice President underscore the pressing need for reliable and functional aircrafts. In April, the President was forced to take a chartered plane from the Netherlands to Saudi Arabia, and he also recently returned from South Africa using a chartered flight. Additionally, the Vice President aborted his flight to the United States due to a faulty presidential jet. These incidents highlight the necessity for dependable transportation to ensure that the President and vice president can perform their duties without undue risk or delay. The ability to travel at short notice is vital for both national and international responsibilities. Just as business CEOs invest in private jets to ensure punctuality and reliability, the same principle applies. The stakes are even higher for the President and Vice President.
Maintaining outdated aircraft can be prohibitively expensive. Similar to how companies replace cars after a certain period to avoid high maintenance costs, the same logic applies to presidential aircraft. Furthermore, owning aircraft is more cost-effective in the long run than frequently chartering flights, which can accumulate substantial expenses. Newer planes are likely to be more fuel-efficient and require less frequent repairs, thereby reducing operational costs., contributing to the overall efficiency of government operations.
Functional aircrafts will enable the President and Vice President to fulfil their duties optimally. This is not about luxury but necessity. Reliable transportation is critical to the effective execution of their duties; including attending international summits, engaging in diplomatic missions, and responding promptly to emergencies. Presidential planes also serve as symbols of national pride and the status of the office. They are often seen as extensions of the country’s sovereignty and dignity, carrying the nation's leaders to important engagements. Ensuring these planes are in optimal condition reflects positively on the country and its leadership.
Nigeria currently faces high inflation, business difficulties, and unresolved issues like the new minimum wage process and the implementation of CNG buses, highlighting the financial struggles of the populace. The government's decision to invest in new planes amidst these hardships appears insensitive to many; making it a contentious issue. Additionally, there is increasing doubt about the sincerity of the current administration, leading to questions about the rationale behind purchasing the new aircrafts.
While avoiding waste and corruption is essential, leadership involves making investments that facilitate effective governance. The planes, considered assets, will serve beyond the current administration, contributing to the long-term efficiency of government operations. The concept of saving money is often over-emphasized. Government leaders are elected to positively impact the lives of citizens and perform their duties effectively. Overemphasizing cost containment can lead to cost savings at the expense of service delivery. Therefore, the focus should be on making prudent investments that enhance governance and public service. The primary concern for Nigerians should be ensuring that the planes are not purchased at inflated prices.
In conclusion, the purchase of two new presidential aircrafts will ensure the safety and security of the President and Vice President, provide cost-effective and reliable transportation, and enhance the efficiency of government operations. While the economic hardships faced by Nigeria are real and pressing, the acquisition of reliable presidential aircrafts is a step towards ensuring that the government can function effectively and fulfil its primary function of the security and welfare of its citizens. However, this decision must be communicated transparently to the public, emphasizing its necessity for effective governance while acknowledging the current economic difficulties.
Kenechukwu Aguolu FCA
Abuja, Nigeria
Once hailed as the "Giant of Africa" for its abundant resources and economic potential, Nigeria now faces numerous economic challenges. The causes of this decline are multifaceted and complex, with some attributing it to leadership failures and others to sabotage or international conspiracy. To revitalize Nigeria's economy, a comprehensive and resolute approach is essential. This endeavour demands unwavering political determination from the government to enact meaningful reforms and foster an environment conducive for economic growth.
A key component of transforming Nigeria's economy is the reorientation of both citizens and leaders. As management expert Peter Drucker famously said, "Culture eats strategy for breakfast." For Nigeria to thrive, a culture of unity and patriotism must be deeply embedded within society. Recognizing this, the present government has reintroduced the old national anthem, a symbolic step toward fostering national unity and patriotism. The National Orientation Agency has a crucial role to play in this regard.
Accurate demographic data is essential for effective planning. Nigeria's last population census was conducted in 2006, making it imperative for another one. In addition to conducting a population census, a robust system should be established to register new births, ensuring that population data remains current. Population census should be held at least every ten years to facilitate informed planning.
Diversification of the economy is another critical area that requires urgent attention. Sectors such as mining, agriculture, and tourism remain largely untapped, presenting significant opportunities to increase the country's revenue base and improve its balance of trade. Diversifying the economy will also help stabilize the currency, reduce unemployment, and lower poverty rates, fostering overall economic resilience.
Improving the country's tax revenue to gross domestic product(GDP)ratio is essential for sustainable economic growth. In 2023, this ratio stood at a mere 9.4%, which is very low by international standards. To address this, Nigeria should focus on widening its tax net, enforcing tax compliance, and possibly increasing certain taxes. These measures will enhance government revenue and enable more robust public investment.
Nigeria has a significant infrastructure deficit that hampers meaningful economic development. The lack of adequate power increases the cost of business, causing companies to lose their competitive edge. The government should Improve the road and railway infrastructure to ensure efficient movement of goods and people. Additionally, more fully operational seaports are needed to alleviate the long-standing issue of port congestion, which has caused substantial business losses due to delays in clearing goods.
Promoting entrepreneurship is crucial for advancing the Nigerian economy. It leads to job creation, poverty reduction, and GDP growth. The government should encourage economic activity and empower individuals to pursue innovative ventures by offering low-interest loans to aspiring entrepreneurs and small businesses. Additionally, recapitalizing banks is essential to strengthening their ability to support economic growth, especially considering the devaluation of the Nigerian currency.
The civil service, forming the backbone of governance and playing a crucial role in policy formulation, implementation, and public service delivery, requires transformation. Addressing the current challenges within the civil service is essential for enhancing governance and effectively implementing reforms. The condition of the civil service significantly impacts the economy.
Eliminating corruption and waste in governance will significantly reduce the cost of government operations. The government should champion value-for-money audits to assess the economy, efficiency, and effectiveness of transactions. Strengthening internal controls and ensuring that anti-graft agencies are effective are crucial in safeguarding public assets from theft and fraud. It should ensure that whistle-blowing policy encourages and protects whistle-blowers as it will help curb corruption.
Proper remuneration of workers is vital for improving productivity, fostering innovation, and reducing brain drain. Nigeria has experienced a mass exodus of skilled professionals in recent years. As the government concludes the process of setting a new national minimum wage, it must ensure that the minimum wage is adequate taking cognizance of current economic realities
Effective prioritization of government expenditure is essential given the inherent limitations of resources. Governments should allocate funds judiciously, focusing on critical priorities rather than indulging in misplaced spending. Adopting a scale of preference facilitates informed decision-making, enabling authorities to allocate resources strategically based on identified needs and desired outcomes.
Revamping Nigeria's educational system is crucial. It requires aligning the curriculum with national strategic goals and ensuring access to quality education for all. This reform must prioritize equipping students with relevant skills for a modern economy, fostering innovation, and embracing technology adoption. Historically, African nations, have emphasized natural resources over human capital development. However, investing in education is paramount, as knowledge is the cornerstone of sustainable economic growth and global competitiveness
The security situation in Nigeria represents a significant drain on resources that could otherwise be allocated to productive endeavours. Insecurity disrupts economic activities like mining, agriculture, and tourism and deters foreign direct investment (FDI) needed for economic growth. Addressing these security challenges is paramount for Nigeria to attain sustained economic prosperity.
Despite the savings from removing fuel subsidies and adopting a floating exchange rate for the naira, Nigeria still faces significant financial challenges primarily due to the substantial of servicing its debts. These high debt servicing obligations severely constrain the government's ability to finance crucial development projects that could stimulate economic growth and improve societal well-being. To alleviate this fiscal burden and create room for sustainable development, the government should pursue aggressive strategies for debt relief or restructuring.
In conclusion, revitalizing Nigeria's economy requires a comprehensive and determined approach to address the nation's deep-rooted challenges. It is also imperative to know when and how to adjust monetary and fiscal policies, highlighting the need for astute professionals to serve as the Minister of Finance and the Governor of the Central Bank. Furthermore, Nigeria can achieve lasting economic resilience and growth with unwavering political determination, a culture of unity, and patriotism.
Author: Kenechukwu Aguolu FCA, PMP, CBAP
Business Analyst | Project Manager | Chartered Accountant | Public Affairs Analyst
Abuja, Nigeria This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
IT was a bit of an emotional period for me when names of people who fought for democracy kept popping up in the Democracy Week. It was quite good hearing from the family of Mr Alao Aka-Bashorun, Father of the Nigerian Pro-Democracy Movement. He led many, including lawyers, against the rapacious regimes of Babangida, Shonekan and Abacha. Aka-Bashorun watched over the Nigeria Labour Congress, NLC; the Academic Staff Union of Universities, ASUU; and generations of radicals like a protective mother hen.
Also, hearing from the family of Dr Fredrick Fasehun was quite moving. When elements of the Abacha gang bombed the convoy of then Lagos State Military Governor Buba Marwa behind the Sheraton Hotel, the regime blamed it on Fasehun. For this, he was held in isolation in an underground cell at the Ikoyi Cemetery. He told me that his most traumatic experiences were the three occasions a notorious secret security agent named Abdulrahman carried out his fake executions, rolling bullets in his gun barrel.
One day, I got the good news from Fasehun that he had been moved to the notorious Criminal Investigation Department, Alagbon, Ikoyi. It meant he would be able to interact with other detainees and, we could have access to him.
When I visited, Fasehun wanted me to help nurture a militia, the Oodua Peoples’ Congress, OPC, he had established before his detention. Quite a number of them, including later leader, Chief Gani Adams, were our cadres in the Campaign for Democracy, CD.
I was quite familiar with three of the OPC co-founders, people who today, are virtually unknown. There was Iya Ijebu, a stoic elderly woman and, Baba Oja, an elderly market leader both from the Babalola Market, Mushin. You will imagine these were not their real names. But any day, they helped to hold the Mushin/Isolo axis in any pro-democracy protests or shut down of roads and businesses. The third was Tony Engurube who had vast knowledge in mass mobilisation and underground cell work both in Sweden and Nigeria. He had been detained by the Gowon regime in the mid- 1970s for making public the salaries of the Armed Forces following wage reviews. Engurube who later fell sick and passed on in Dr Fasehun’s Besthope Hospital, Lagos, was the Father of armed militancy in the Niger Delta.
There is Akanni Iromini. In those days before the age of the internet, one of our major ways of communication with the populace was through leaflets, handbills and posters. Any of these found on a person meant instant detention without trial. It could also lead to disappearance. Yet, they were always in circulation nationwide. It required a lot of courage, tact and good luck to move them across the country.
Unfortunately, the secret services discovered one of our major printers, Mr Akani Iromini. That was the beginning of his spells of detention. His printing press and means of livelihood were destroyed. Despite these, he continued in the struggle against military dictatorship. Today, somewhere in bustling Lagos, Akani Iromini is battling with ill-health and desperately in need of assistance.
Iromini and I also belonged to a group that campaigned for the release of political prisoners, visiting their families and bringing them together for various activities. It was symbolically named after the Campaign for Democracy, CD, President, Dr Beko Ransome-Kuti who had been sentenced to life imprisonment. In those days, belonging to such an organisation was considered treasonable.
In the group were three fantastic lawyers: Nike Ransome-Kuti, Tope Egunjobi and the quite reserved Jide Bello. Also in the organisation was Dr Bosede Afolabi, now Professor of Gynaecology dedicated to drastically reducing childbearing, sickle cell and maternal mortality. There was also Muhtar Bakare then of Citibank, and later, publisher of Farafina Books. There were also Messrs Femi Ojudu and Uba Sani, later Senators. The latter, today, is the Governor of Kaduna State.
We were daring. For instance, we penetrated the Agodi Maximum Prisons to lift up the low spirit of Ben Charles Obi, a journalist who had been sentenced to life imprisonment. Obi’s aged mother was his dependant, the magazine ‘Classique’ he worked for was dead, as was its publisher, Mrs Mee Mofe-Damijo. So he felt virtually alone in the world. As a political prisoner, he had no visiting rights, so Nike had to disguise as an evangelising priest to get to him at the prisons.
Sometimes we were lucky. We once held a reception for the children of political detainees at the Excellence Hotel Ogba. We sent out different venues and time. By the time the regime realised where we were and sent armed contingents of the police to stop the programme, it was over. Sometimes, we faced rejection. For instance, we once organised a birthday programme for incarcerated Chief Moshood Abiola and the family locked us and our guests out. We once visited Mrs Stella Obasanjo whose husband, later President Olusegun Obasanjo, was in prison. Those around her pointedly refused us access. They did not want her to be associated with us.
We felt some urgency when General Shehu Musa Yar’Adua died or was killed in the Abakaliki Prisons on December 8, 1997. The group was particularly worried about the safety of incarcerated CD Vice Chairman, Comrade Shehu Sani, who had been taken to the Abia State University Teaching Hospital, ABSUTH, by prison officials.
So, we organised a publicised special programme and photo exhibition for political prisoners and their families. The Abacha regime was determined that the programme should not hold. It sent armed police men and the security services around the streets adjoining the venue which was Beko’s house on Imaria Street, Anthony Village, Lagos. Also, a helicopter hovered overhead, in intimidating fashion. But in a move that boosted our confidence and ensured the programme held, then United States Ambassador, Walter Carrington, gathered and led a convoy of ambassadors with flags flying. The regime lost its nerve and allowed the convoy through. As the programme wore on, the helicopter noise was disturbing. In the midst of it all, a child was busy, playing with the telephone handset and placing it on her ear as if making a phone call. It was an award-deserving photograph which we widely circulated. That child was Ebube, daughter of incarcerated journalist, George Mbah.
The heroes of democracy in our country are mainly those unnamed or virtually unknown. They include Mrs Suliat Adededeji, murdered on November 14, 1996 in her Iyaganku, Ibadan home; and Ms Rebecca Onyabi Ikpe, sentenced to 25 years imprisonment for exposing the lie that was the claimed 1995 coup attempt. There is also the journalist, Mrs Ladi Olorunyomi, thrice detained at the notorious Directorate of Military Intelligence, and the hundreds killed in pro-Democracy struggles, with many buried in unmarked graves.
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Yes, you can still be healed! That sickness can still go away. Yes, there can still be solution to that problem. Though it is human and natural to want to give up on a situation after putting in everything to solve it, yet, we must also recognize that there is a supernatural power that can turn our impossibilities into possibility and our difficulties into testimonies. As I write, there are people that have given up and are just waiting for the last whistle. They have tried everything, made every effort, spent all their resources and goodwill, prayers, etc, but the situation has just refused to change. They are just spent and tired. Even when you try to encourage them, they feel reluctant to accept that anything positive can still happen to them. Before I sat down to write this message I prayed for a lady in such condition. She has cancer in the blood. She has gone for transfusion before and she is due to go again. And I also heard the brother died of the same condition. As I prayed, her voice was very low and tired. I could immediately feel what she was going through and all the questions going through her mind. But I know a testimony is coming out of her situation because I meet so many like this daily – people waiting to die. I am waiting to celebrate with her also. God must stop this trend in that family - evil pattern. Yes, I have seen God turn the worst of situations around. With him all things are possible! Every sickness, every situation, every opposition, every confusion, every hindrance bows to the name of Jesus! You are being healed of that sickness now in the mighty name of Jesus! I said that you are receiving the solution to that perennial problem today!
As I was brooding over the events of the past week, the story of that desperate woman in Mark Chapter Five came to my mind. That is one of the most difficult and hopeless situations in the bible. She was very sick for twelve years. She was losing her blood (life) every second of the day. She spent all she had looking for solution, yet none came. She suffered so much and the condition grew worse. No improvement. No cure. No hope. And the worst was that even when she had a glimpse of solution, the surging crowd became an obstacle, a barrier to reach Jesus. My God! What can be worse than this? Does this sound like your situation? Look at it here, “Jesus went with him, and all the people followed, crowding around him. A woman in the crowd had suffered for twelve years with constant bleeding. She had suffered a great deal from many doctors, and over the years she had spent everything she had to pay them, but she had gotten no better. In fact, she had gotten worse. She had heard about Jesus, so she came up behind him through the crowd and touched his robe. For she thought to herself, ‘If I can just touch his robe, I will be healed’. Immediately the bleeding stopped, and she could feel in her body that she had been healed of her terrible condition.” Mark 5:24-29
Some of you reading this message are like this woman today. You have been in that situation for a long time now. It looks incurable and terminal - the type that was described as being sick unto death. You helplessly watch as your life, your resources, your joy dim and slip away from your hand. The more you try is the more the problem, the frustration increases. It may not be your health directly, but things around you have become sick – your business, your relationship, your marriage, etc. You go a step forward and three steps backward. And no help, nobody cares to help again. People, friends and relations are now tired of helping. You know that there is a limit to what people, even relations can offer at the time of trial. Look at that woman again. Did you hear anything about her friends or relations? Maybe some good ones have tried and got tired, got exhausted and then left her to her fate. They left her in her pain, stain and drain. Remember also that her condition was the type that will always attract unpleasant smell and constant demand for resources. So everybody ran away. Please, don’t get very angry when people desert you at the middle of your trial. It is just human. But let them go because God is coming to meet you. If they don’t go, if they don’t betray you, you may never know the real manifestation of God’s unfailing power and love.
Now, what I love most about this woman is her determination and faith. Yes, the situation was very desperate and hopeless, but she totally refused to give up. She had no more relations, no neighbors and no friends to turn to, but was ready to try Jesus. And she had a crowd as a wall of obstacle but was also ready to press against it to snatch her needed solution. Wow! This is just what you need now to come out of your present situation. Pressing against the ‘wall’. It is what you need to get your healing and breakthrough. You must be determined. You must refuse to accept defeat. Remember it is about your life. It is about your future and destiny. You must believe that this next step will sort you out. You must not give up. You must press against any physical, spiritual and psychological obstacle. Obstacles will always give way to those that refuse to give up! Don’t sit there and die. There is still a solution. Many have gone through this and survived. True. This woman pressed on even when everything was against her. She managed to touch the tip of Jesus’ cloth and the incredible happened. She was immediately, completely healed! I see you being healed today. As you touch him receive your wholeness now in Jesus’ name! God can do it again. We will continue.
In Nigeria, cholera has been on the rise since the 1970s majorly due to extreme poverty and lack of good potable drinking water. The probable reasons are the result of government negligence in embarking on initiatives that will improve the lives of an ordinary citizen. The majority of the people in Benue State, Nigeria, are rural dwellers who have little or no access to basic modern facilities; hence, the outbreak of diseases is inevitable.
Cholera was first reported in Nigeria in 1970. Since 1990, large outbreaks were reported in 1991, 1996, 1999 and from 2009 to 2011. Between 2004 and 2016, a total of 154,910 cases and 5,127 deaths were reported (CFR ≈ 3.3%). The largest outbreaks were reported in the northern states of the country. In the north, outbreaks often spread from Nigeria to neighbouring countries around Lake Chad (Niger, Chad and Cameroon) and in the south along the Gulf of Guinea.
A multi-sectoral study, linking water, sanitation, hygiene and health sectors, was carried out in the four countries of the Lake Chad basin, and especially Nigeria. This study aimed to propose an integrated WASH and Health response by first describing the epidemiology of cholera in the Chad Lake Basin and secondly by suggesting actions of prevention, preparedness and response to cholera epidemics. The Lake Chad Basin is a specific area with a climate typical of Sudan and the Sahel. The lakeside area and the lake’s tributaries as well as a marked seasonality structure the agriculture, pastoral and transhumance activities that take place here. In this essentially rural space, cross-border communication channels attract commercial activities. Population displacements occur between the several major agglomerations where dense neighbourhoods have structural difficulties with water conveyance and sanitation.
Cholera is an infection caused by the bacteria vibrio cholerae. More often than not, the bacteria is transmitted via contaminated water or food that has come into contact with contaminated water. The most common symptoms of cholera include extensive watery diarrhoea, severe vomiting, nausea, dehydration, loss of electrolytes, and muscle cramps. Severe cases may result in death, especially among children and the elderly.
The bacteria that causes cholera is usually passed out of the body of an infected person via the faeces. These bacteria may then contaminate a common source of drinking water and become widespread among populations. Poor water hygiene and sanitation are therefore important factors in the spread of the disease.
Cholera has been almost eradicated in most developed nations worldwide. It is, however, still a major health hazard in sub-Saharan Africa, south and south-east Asia, some parts of the Middle East and South America. Outbreaks of cholera may occur after natural disasters such as earthquakes or after war when there is overcrowding and lack of sanitation. Travellers are also susceptible to catching cholera, especially if they are travelling to areas where cholera is still endemic.
Good hygiene, access to clean drinking water, adequate sanitation facilities, and hand washing before eating and after using the toilet are simple measures taken that have reduced the incidence of cholera worldwide. Travellers are also advised to avoid ice creams and fruit juices offered by street vendors who display their sales goods in the open where they are exposed to flies and contaminants. In addition, travellers should not eat raw, unwashed vegetables, fruits, salads, or shellfish.
There is an oral vaccine that can help prevent cholera and is estimated to be 85% effective. Vaccination is recommended for travelling to areas where cholera is endemic, such as refuge camps and war zones.
The severe dehydration and loss of electrolytes from the body through vomiting and diarrhoea can cause death among victims of cholera. The first and foremost therapy is, therefore, replenishment of fluids and electrolytes in the form of Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS), as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). An ORS sachet contains a powder made up of salts and glucose, which can be dissolved in clean drinking water. Antibiotics are also useful in reducing symptoms and treating the disease.
Although cholera can be life-threatening, it is easily prevented and treated. In the United States, because of advanced water and sanitation systems, cholera is not a major threat; however, everyone, especially travelers, should be aware of how the disease is transmitted and what can be done to prevent it. Cholera has been very rare in industrialized nations for the last 100 years; however, the disease is still common today in other parts of the world, including the Indian subcontinent and sub-Saharan Africa.
The National Biosafety Management Agency has called on the general public to exercise caution over the recent cholera outbreak in some states across Nigeria, as the outbreak has now trying to become an epidemic as it is spreading across the state, just last week or thereabouts, it was recorded in Ogun state as announced by the state Commissioner for Health, Dr. Tomi Coker, which occurred in Ijebu-Igbo, Ijebu North Local Government Area of the state.
Head, Information and Communications for NBMA, Mrs. Gloria Ogbaki, in a statement recently in Abuja, quoted the Director- General, NBMA, Dr. Agnes Asagbra, as saying there was need for carefulness, “Asagbra said Nigerians must exercise caution as Nigeria records over 30 deaths and 1,141 suspected cases from the disease.
“Cholera, a highly contagious bacterial infection caused by the ingestion of contaminated food or water, has been reported in Bayelsa, Zamfara, Abia, Cross River, Bauchi, Delta, Katsina, Imo, Nasarawa, and Lagos States.’’
Asagbra said NBMA, in collaboration with health authorities, was actively monitoring the situation and implementing measures to contain the spread of the disease. She also called on Nigerians to imbibe various hygiene practices such as boiling drinking water or using certified water purification methods. According to her, there is a need to wash hands thoroughly with soap and water, especially before eating or preparing food.
The Director-General also urged Nigerians to always wash hands with soap and water after using the toilet, cook food thoroughly, and consume it while it was hot, advised that Nigerians to avoid raw foods, such as fruits and vegetables, unless they could be peeled or washed with safe water and to always keep the environment clean and dispose of waste properly to prevent contamination
It is now imperative to all Nigerians to be vigilant and adhere to these hygiene practices to protect themselves and their loved ones from cholera. Nigerians should also to be on red alert and report any case of cholera to the nearest hospital to aviod or avert the spread of the dearly disease.
Òrúnbon, an opinion writer, poet, journalist and public affairs analyst, writes in from Federal Housing Estate, Olomore, Abeokuta, Ogun State.
Can be reached via: orunbonibrahimademola@
It feels so like deja vu the gut hurts. All motion no movement. The country of great prospects pushing its people to the brink of despair. Many who can pack and leave. The poor and more vulnerable bear a disproportionate share of hunger, disease burden like Cholera and Malaria that could be avoided while self centered people of power wallow in self deceit and send attack dogs after foreign media too far away to rabies infected. Then they end up in the dung heap of history more worthless than used toilet paper.
Have I seen this before. It appears that I have. A familiar road. Pini Jason of blessed memory who found his columns from twenty years back seemed fresh and current, named his book: A familiar Road.
On this familiar road I have been called names but lived to see their Marxism or Activism disrobed and uncloaked as excuses for grabbing and misusing power for self aggrandizement often in thoughtless process that divides people, embitters many and takes away from society the cohesion enabling of the advance of the common good and significant human progress.. This familiar road began from very early as I returned from graduate school in 1982.
At the time the fire was Marxist rhetoric. I challenged that we ought to focus on creating wealth, governing well assuring opportunity for all and a social safety net for the more vulnerable. They called me names. One so thoroughly frustrated as I went toe to toe with logic against his rhetoric declared me a Bourgeoisie apologist.
Not long after one of the rank Dr Iyorchia Ayu became Senate President in the Babangida transition. We had become friends. So he asked that I unveil him before the corporate titans. I obliged with a huge reception at my home. Just before I stepped down to welcome him and the guests I quickly glance at a journal piece I was reading titled Marxism: the apologetics of power.
Nigerians have indeed suffered tremendously in the last one year. Not strictly the hunger tugging at our bellies. That pestilence of hunger was brilliantly conveyed by the whammy soundbite, “Ebi npa wa o” as Lagos Island people’s response to the president’s fleet of gleaming SUVs last year. As an aside, permit the pun, I think that national soundbite deserves a Grammy. Lacerating words from those who rule us even rub salt on our hunger injury. They make Christians race for their bibles to read the famous and incredulous story of King Rehoboam, Solomon’s son and successor. Some young men had helped Rehoboam design a Manifesto themed on how to effectively govern Israel. Perhaps, it was 80-paged, too? Or probably christened “Renewed Hope” as well? Whereas his father-predecessor inflicted heavy yoke on the people, counseled the young men in the Manifesto, Rehoboam’s administration should add to the yoke. So, Rehoboam’s Manifesto had the catchphrase, “whereas my father scoured you with whips, I will scourge you with scorpions.” In a language devoid of political sentiment, it looks like the transition from Muhammadu Buhari to where we are now has a Rehoboamic flavour.
I was not old enough to cognize what happened during the Nigerian civil war so, pardon my comparative shortcoming. Were Nigerian lives this miserable during the war? Many have, in the last one year, died of Rehoboam scorpion stings. Many are in the sanatorium. Many depressed compatriots are looking vacantly into the sky and muttering lullabies to God-knows-who. Many husbands have lost their economic manhood. The sick who could not afford spiking drug costs are now at conference table with their Creator. The president and his kitchen crew have become Eddy Iroh’s Toads of (our) War. They grow “big fat stomachs,” apologies to Fela Kuti. N21 billion just renovated the Vice president’s palace. Our First Lady got billions of Naira voted for her kitchen so that tomatoes and pepper can be plenty on the shelf.
Last Tuesday, our president cavalierly dismissed our sufferings. What the hell are we howling about? “You are not the only ones suffering!” he admonished the Ebi npa wa orchestra. Though it was from a statement issued by spokesperson Ajuri Ngelale, I imagine our president fluffing the arms of his agbada proudly and majestically like Mother Eagle. If you dissemble the president’s words properly, they are almost akin to Queen of France, Marie-Antoinette’s famous statement during the French revolution. French people were starving. “Let them eat cake,” the Queen had said, totally removed from the pangs of the people’s hunger. With hunger decking the bellies of the French, the Queen was literally asking the people the impossibility of making a gangan drum with the hide of an elephant. The president was comfortable comparing malaises and not wellness. Seyitan Atigarin of Arise television yesterday provided a perfect anecdotal explanation of the president’s infelicity. Aso Rock’s gaffe can be compared to the words of a gym instructor. To an obese person looking up to him for conquest of fat, the instructor asked the obese to look at the sea of the obese like him in the gym for inspiration. Shouldn’t he exemplify hope by citing those who had conquered their fat?
You do not need to slide the panes of your window to see tears, pain and anguish all over Nigeria. Sufferings are our ever-present guests. They sit at table with us, in company of their compatriot of tomfoolery in high and low places. But, don’t our elders say if the deity, the Orisa, cannot remedy a situation, it should not worsen it? When system henchmen ask why we make these issues daily refrain, we tell them that our case is synonymous with that of a poor man whose fowl was stolen by a rich man (èdá t’ó gb’ádìye òtòsì) and who, by that very fact, has courted to himself, not only the ire of the poor but a global amplification of the poor man’s fate (ó gbelé t’aláròyé). The whole world must hear of the inequity.
An example is the rude and unnecessary debate on whether our president should purchase a jet to add to his harem, pardon me, fleet of ten jets. This is coming at a time when “ebi ńpa wá” has become a national ringtone and Nigerians can’t see tomatoes and pepper on their dining table. We can however see a presidential “bùgá” and “bragging right”. Then, presidential spokesman, Bayo Onanuga, came up with a widely-adjudged common error of reasoning. In a reaction to criticisms against the purchase of presidential jet by this government, Onanuga demanded if critics wanted the president to die in flight like Malawian Vice President, Saulos Chilima and Ebrahim Risi, president of Iran. Let us not dwell on the flavor of indecorum and gloating at the dead noticeable in the statement. Known as “emotive bullying” or “emotional gangsterism,” that presidential statement was an argumentative reasoning that sought to appeal to consequence. In Symbolic Logic, Onanuga’s argument is identified by a Latin word called argumentum ad consequentiam. In such argument to consequence, the one arguing creates an atmosphere of pity. They base the truth or falsity of their argument on whether the premise leads to pleasant or unpleasant consequences, waylaying their opponent by appealing to the consequences of the action of accepting or rejecting their line of argument.
Nigeria’s case is like that of the proverbial rolling stone that gathers no moss, something I have elsewhere referred to as a multidimensional malaise. This was what late Babatunde Olatunji couched to arrive at the title of his 1978 Yoruba novel, Egbìrìn Òtè. Are you following the tomfoolery going on in Rivers and Kano States? In both, you can see the hands of the Leviathan. It is obvious that year 2027 is high on the calculations of decisions being taken on the two states. If human casualties litter the streets of Port-Harcourt and Kano, so be it. A president who desires peace in Rivers knows what to do. A major irreverent piece in a faggot, which the Yoruba call “Igi wórókó,” which is upturning the peace of the earthen space, (ààrò) is right inside the president’s trousers (sòkòtò) in Abuja. So, why pretending to be going to Sokoto to find it? If Nigeria’s No 1 Citizen desires peace in Rivers and Kano this moment, it will happen in a twinkle of an eye. All he needs do is agree that 2027 belongs to God and not to any human, no matter their buga. In Rivers, he only needs to pour cold water on this Rivers hot faggot that took residency with him right there in Abuja and remove it from the fire. Kano has a Siamese portent with Kaduna. The president only needs to allow that impish irritant he is afraid would snatch the race baton from him in 2027, who he is hounding in Kaduna through a remote control, stew in his own broth. The belief that the Kano emirate, friendly to the imp, will help him in 2027 may not necessarily follow.
One of the multidimensional malaises happened in Zamfara state last week. Governor Dauda Lawal flagged off the construction of an airport. This is in a state where the number of out-of-school children rivals a migrating colony of bats. N62 billion of state funds was the sacrificial lamb, oil and cowries propitiated to this god of elite appetite. On the list of the malaises of last week, too, was the appointment of 85-year old Chief Bisi Akande as Chairman, Governing Council of our own UI. Akande, we are told, does not even have a university degree. Don’t our elders say gold should be given only to he who knows its worth? Four persons on the Council membership list are said to be immediate family members/political fawners who hail from Akande’s homestead in Ila-Orangun.
I am sorry for digressing this considerably. Today is clearly no day for all those malaises, the peculiar messes in high and low places. It is certainly not an epistle on the sting or bite of Tanpépé, agbón and oyin which we have stoically endured in the last one year. As I write this, I am listening to Odolaye Aremu’s elegy to S. L. Akintola and Adegoke Adelabu. Both had died in the First Republic. While Akintola was killed in the military coup of January, 1966, Adelabu died in a fatal automobile accident on March 25, 1958. He was aged 43. The unfortunate death happened in a place called Mile 51 on Lagos–Ibadan Expressway, near Shagamu, today’s Ogun State. In the company of a Syrian businessman, Adelabu’s car had hit an oncoming vehicle.
“Soldiers are killing people (àwon sójà ńpàà’yàn); the number of the dead is innumerable (èmí t’ó bó ò l’óñka),” the arguably one of the greatest musicians to have come from Ilorin, Kwara State, sings. It was a musical reminiscence on the aftermath of Adelabu’s car accident. This petrel of Ibadan politics’ supporters had claimed his death was spiritual assassination, leading to a deadly protest. Over 500 people were arrested by the police and 102 others charged to court. Odolaye’s most profound quip in that track and my takeaway in the midst of this Nigerian peculiar mess is, a tear-provoking happening that stupefies deserves to be confronted with laughter. It is same I canvass today. Odolaye sang it as “Òrò t’ó bá j’ekún lo, èrín làá fií rín”.
Each time I try to make sense of the various existential challenges Nigeria battles, I have, countless times, had recourse to Can Themba. Born in Marabastad, near Pretoria, South Africa, Themba was one of the most poignant South African writers whose works were done in Sophiatown, Johannesburg. An investigative journalist as well, Themba worked with the defunct Drum magazine. His famous award-winning short story entitled The Suit supplies answers to my worry on Nigeria’s uncountable malaises. It tames my wandering wonder. The story is about Philemon, a middle-class lawyer. He had an adulterous wife called Matilda and both of them lived in Sophiatown. Devoted as Philemon was to Matilda, the latter was always fond of turning his home into a tryst immediately he leaves for his office. On this particular day, Philemon was told of the escapade of his wife again. Rather than his wont of leaving for home late in the evening, Philemon went home midday. As the lawyers say, he caught his wife in flagrante with the lover. In the melee that ensued, the lover scampered out of the window but forgot his suit.
To effectively deal with Matilda, Philemon then concocted a strange and bizarre punishment for her. This was a routine he spelt out where Matilda had to behave to the suit which he hung on the shelf as a honored guest. This involved treating it with utmost respect, feeding it, providing ample entertainment for the suit and taking a walk with it, while discussing with it as an animate object. In conceptualizing the punishment, Philemon reckoned that this treatment would serve as a bitter and constant reminder to Matilda about her adultery. Remorseful, psychologically beaten and humiliated, Matilda eventually died of shame of her adulterous escapades. The treatment our Aso Rock tormentors and their predecessors inflict upon us is similar to Philemon’s. Were we at any time adulterous as a people? Is this their way of dealing with us?
Ojude Oba, Durbar and Musawa’s African Grammy
Last Tuesday’s cultural display of the Ijebu people of Ogun State in their yearly Ojude Oba festival caught the eyes of the world. Translated as Festival of the King’s Courtyard, it has over the years been one of the most glamorous cultural and spiritual festivals held in Nigeria for over a century now. Many people have queried the rich sartorial depth and affluence of the Ijebu in the midst of Nigeria’s national ferment. Among Yoruba festivals, the glitz and colours associated with this festival place it outside the ranks of any cultural festival in Nigeria. Usually held to coincide with the Islamic Eid-l-adha ceremony, the festival holds on its third day.
Oral historical accounts put the emergence of the festival to Chief Kuku Oduyingbo, who later became Balogun of Ijebu, and or Imam Tunwatoba. Either or both, having recently converted to Islam, gathered friends, families, and well-wishers in homage to then Awujale, Oba Fidipote, who reigned around 1885. It was to appreciate him for the opportunity he gave them to practice Islam without hindrance. Ever since, thanks to Dr. Mike Adenuga’s Globacom which heavily funds the festival, Ojude Oba has transformed from being a Sallah homage into a cultural melting point for the Ijebu.
The Ojude Oba goes beyond the glamour of the participants’ dressing, or the equestrian display. Today, it speaks directly to the cultural, religious, social, and military significance of its yearly celebration. It is attended by over a million people. Apart from the visual niceties it brings, it also speaks to the importance of group association as the bedrock of development. You can see this in the gathering and parade of age grade societies called Regberegbe. Established in the 18th century, the age grade societies are known collectively as Wompari. The aim is to bring about amity among groups and ultimately, development into Ijebu land. Wompari is further broken into Egbe Gbobaniyi comprising male and female (1962-1964); Egbe Bobagunte male and female (1956-1958); Akile of Ijebu (1959-1961); Mafowoku, Egbe Arobayo male and female; Egbe Jagunmolu (1965-1967), Egbe Bobakeye, and Egbe Bobagbimo. Most of the Wompari are top industry barons, successful captains of industry and A-List professionals.
What Nigeria advertises to the world in Ojude Oba is cultural elegance and communal cohesion. It does same in the Argungu Fishing festival where showpieces are made of the hugest fish catches. Also in the mode of the Ojude Oba is the Durbar festival, an ancient traditional annual Hausa cultural, religious and equestrian festival which began in the 14th century. Native to northern Nigerian original ancient emirates of Kano, Katsina, Gombe and Akko, it is also celebrated in Sokoto, Zazzau, Bauchi and Bida. It rekindles Hausa’s ancient horsemen preoccupation in the Sahara and Sahel. Like the Ojude Oba, it is also a homage to the Emir and signposted by a colourfully mounted parade of the king’s retinue of horsemen. Musicians and artillerymen also add vibes to the festival.
Over the years, Nigerian creatives have also begun a renaissance to jumpstart the country’s creativity, especially in music. From African traditional music of Dan Maraya in Jos, Ogene songs of Oliver Decoque and Igbo highlife, a contemporary musical genre that combines highlife and Igbo traditional music, lifted into stardom by Chief Stephen Osita Osadebe, to the Yoruba Sakara, Juju and Apala music, Nigeria has evolved into gaining recognition on the global stage. Today, our boys advertise their craft on global audience stage and harvest audiences in the realm of millions. Tiwa Savage, Burna Boy, Davido, Wizkid, Rema, Asake, and many others are doing Nigeria proud in that regard. Blends of Afro beats and hip-hop parade artists like Plantashun Boiz, Def ‘O’ Clan, Remedies, Trybesmen with world class producers like OJB Jezreel. While they ply their trade at the global stage, these music wizards have also pushed our entertainment industry into becoming a major contributor to the Nigerian economy. Indeed, Nigeria’s entertainment industry is ranked “second-best entertainment and media consumer market” globally with the American music industry being the clear leader.
So, it becomes bothersome when news streaked in that the Nigerian government, represented by Hannatu Musawa, the Minister of Art, Culture, and Creative Economy, is entering into partnership with the American Grammy Awards to establish an African version of the Grammy Award. In a Global Music Industry Growth by Region rating, while Latin America had 21.5%, Asia 12.8%, Europe 6.2%, US/CAN 4.2%, MENA 19.8%, Sub-Saharan Africa had a whopping 28.8%. So why subordinate the master to his apprentice? The question to ask is, will this Africanization of the Grammy bring any good the way of Nigeria or her music industry? The answer is no. The idea is at best imperialist. There can be no two Grammy Awards. The original, which America monopolizes, has a high, if not total dosage of American music flavor. It prides itself as “the music industry’s highest honour” whereas our globally acclaimed musicians from Africa seldom crack its nut. It is why Nigerian superstars hardly win the Grammy. To have dross of Grammy in Africa as Musawa is contemplating is to accept the superiority and then inferiorize our own globally-sought music stars.
As a music enthusiast, I am convinced that what the Minister should be doing by now is to partner existing continental music award platforms which will strengthen and not overshadow them. African music awards institutions like South African Music Awards, (SAMA) Trace Awards, Headies, Ghana Music Awards (GMA), Soundcity MVP Awards, AFRIMA and such like will promote the continent’s music rather than this neo-colonial idea being toyed with by Musawa. She should also devise ways of revving the strides made by Ojude Oba, Durbar, Argungu and allied festivals into making those crafts recognized by the whole world. I hope the minister is listening?